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Neanderthals, no less than another kind of human, almost made it, finally dying out just 28,000 years ago. What caused us to survive while they went extinct? Ecology holds the clues, argues Clive Finlayson. It comes down to climate change & chance. There was little in it, & things could have turned out quite differently.

Neanderthals. --- Homme de Néanderthal --- Evolutionary paleoecology. --- Human evolution. --- Social evolution. --- Human evolution --- Neanderthals --- Social evolution --- Homo mousteriensis --- Homo neanderthalensis --- Homo primogenicus --- Homo sapiens neanderthalensis --- Neandertalers --- Neandertals --- Neanderthal race --- Neanderthalers --- Fossil hominids --- Evolution (Biology) --- Physical anthropology --- Evolutionary psychology --- Human beings --- Cultural evolution --- Cultural transformation --- Culture, Evolution of --- Culture --- Evolution --- Social change --- Origin --- Extinction (Biology) --- Homme de Néanderthal --- Homme --- Evolution sociale

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This book reviews the antinomy of rationality and selfishness raised from egoism, though rationality and selfishness are understood as basic evolutionary dynamics of humans and other organisms in both classical economics and evolutionary biology. Based on the research and a comparison with human’s social cooperative behavior, the author presents his belief that the social cooperative system, in its essence, cooperation and conflict are of uncertain stochasticity resulting from their intrinsic asymmetric interaction between cooperative partners. The book then discusses limitations of Newton’s methodology of monism in both biology and social science. The understanding of the asymmetric and uncertain characteristics found in cooperation system needs perspective of quantum physics of pluralism. At the end of the book, the author undertakes a review of consistency of Newtonian and monism philosophy and the links between quantum physics and pluralism philosophy.

Economics—Psychological aspects. --- International relations. --- Social evolution. --- Behavioral Economics. --- Economic Psychology. --- International Relations. --- Social Evolution. --- Cultural evolution --- Cultural transformation --- Culture, Evolution of --- Culture --- Evolution --- Social change --- Coexistence --- Foreign affairs --- Foreign policy --- Foreign relations --- Global governance --- Interdependence of nations --- International affairs --- Peaceful coexistence --- World order --- National security --- Sovereignty --- World politics --- International Relations --- Organizational Behavior --- Political Science --- Science --- Business & Economics

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Rainbows have been a source of fascination since time immemorial. They have been the subject of myth and superstition, an inspiration to poets, a challenge to painters, the object of intense scientific interest and a touchstone for ideas about the nature of light and colour. Above all, the rainbow has been the embodiment of wonder from the earliest times to the present day. Beginning with the circumstances in which you are likely to see a rainbow and descriptions of its salient features, this book recounts and explains the myths and superstitions about rainbows, and describes how poets, painters and, above all, leading scientists in every age have sought to discover and understand the rainbow’s secrets. Readers with a love of nature and art and an interest in the history of science will enjoy this attractive and informative book.

Optics. --- Color. --- Vision. --- Physics—History. --- Atmospheric science. --- Anthropology. --- Social evolution. --- Optics and Photonics. --- Vision and Colour Science. --- History of Physics and Astronomy. --- Atmospheric Science. --- Cultural Evolution. --- Cultural evolution --- Cultural transformation --- Culture, Evolution of --- Culture --- Evolution --- Social change --- Primitive societies --- Human beings --- Atmospheric sciences --- Earth sciences --- Atmosphere --- Eyesight --- Seeing --- Sight --- Senses and sensation --- Blindfolds --- Eye --- Physiological optics --- Chromatics --- Colour --- Chemistry --- Light --- Optics --- Colors --- Thermochromism --- Physics --- Social sciences --- Rainbows. --- Symbolic aspects. --- Rainbow --- Meteorological optics --- Symbolic aspects of light --- Symbolism

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This book presents an evolutionary theory of the origin and step-by-step development of linguistic structures and cognitive abilities from the early stages of anthropogenesis to the Upper Paleolithic. Emphasizing the social nature of the human mind and using an extended version of C.Hempel's explanatory logic, the author proves that language and consciousness emerged and evolved through the daily efforts of our ancestors to overcome mutual misunderstandings in increasingly complex social orders with increasing tasks on memory, thinking, and normative regulation of behavior, with the addition of new and new communicative concerns. The book addresses questions such as the following: What unique social conditions led to the emergence of the first protosyllables and protowords? What steps enabled the crossing of the "linguistic Rubicon" (between animal communication and human speech)? Why were syllables and phonemes needed? How did our ancestors overcome the difficulties of misunderstanding? How, when, and why did ancient people learn to speak in turns? Why did they begin to talk about past and distant events? What is consciousness and how did it evolve along with language? How many original languages were there and why are there roughly 200 philas (language macrofamilies)? How and why did the number of languages and the degree of their complexity change in pre-written history? Did the Romance languages really evolve from Latin? Accordingly, the book will appeal to scholars in various disciplines who are interested in a better understanding of the cognitive aspects of anthropogenesis and the ancient origins of language and consciousness.

World politics. --- Anthropological linguistics. --- Language and languages. --- Globalization. --- Human evolution. --- Anthropology. --- Social evolution. --- Political History. --- Linguistic Anthropology. --- Language History. --- Evolutionary Anthropology. --- Cultural Evolution. --- Cultural evolution --- Cultural transformation --- Culture, Evolution of --- Culture --- Evolution --- Social change --- Primitive societies --- Social sciences --- Human beings --- Evolution (Biology) --- Physical anthropology --- Evolutionary psychology --- Global cities --- Globalisation --- Internationalization --- International relations --- Anti-globalization movement --- Foreign languages --- Languages --- Anthropology --- Communication --- Ethnology --- Information theory --- Meaning (Psychology) --- Philology --- Linguistics --- Anthropo-linguistics --- Ethnolinguistics --- Language and ethnicity --- Linguistic anthropology --- Linguistics and anthropology --- Language and culture --- Colonialism --- Global politics --- International politics --- Political history --- Political science --- World history --- Eastern question --- Geopolitics --- International organization --- Origin